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Access to Secondary school
Journey times to the nearest secondary school have been calculated for two time periods.The first map shows access to schools between 7.30am and 9am, which is the typical period for travel to school. The next map shows travel between 4pm and 6pm which covers access to after school activities.
The access pattern for the two periods is broadly similar. As is common for all services across the county, the most rural areas are significantly disadvantaged compared to more urban localities. The County Council has a statutory obligation to ensure transport to school up to the age of 16.
Access to Further Education
Journey times to the nearest Further Education establishment have been calculated for two time periods. The first map shows journey times between 7am and 9am is representative of typical 16-19 travel for education, whilst the second map shows patterns for 6pm to 8pm which covers travel to adult evening classes and 16-19 social activity.
Access during the morning is generally good. Since bus services commissioned by the colleges themselves are not included in the analysis, access is substantially better than this map suggests. In the evening, however, the picture changes and access to colleges becomes difficult from many smaller urban areas. This is a particular concern for adults wishing to access learning.
Access to Employment
Calculations for access to the nearest employment opportunity reflect both the traditional 9-5 day and also 'continental' shift working. The time periods are:-first map, weekday between 7am and 9am, second map, weekday between 4am and 6am and third map, weekday between 8pm and 10pm. The employment destinations used in the calculation have been chosen in consultation with Jobcentre Plus and are those for which access problems are known to exist and where there are ready vacancies for those entering the jobs market.
The implications of these access patterns are discussed in section 10.6
Access to Hospital
Access to the nearest hospital has being analysed with reference to the weekday 9am to 11 am period for outpatient access ( first map) and for visitor access between 5pm and 7pm ( second map) and between 2pm and 4pm on Saturday ( final map). Access for staff will be considered in partnership with the acute trusts.
As with other services, journey times tend to be longer for the smaller urban localities and the rural area. This situation will change for outpatients as services are provided more locally ( see section 10.6 ). However, providing access for patient visitors is still an issue.
Access to GPs
Access to the nearest GP surgery has been calculated for the two principal weekday 'urgent appointment' times, namely between 8am and 9am ( first map) and between 3pm and 4pm( second map). Other times will be considered at a local level .
Even in the rural areas, access to GP surgeries is generally possible within one hour, particularly for the later time period. However, there are some notable exceptions to this, particularly in Lancaster district. These issues will be addressed in future action plans.
Access to Retail Centres
Access to retail centres has been calculated solely for shoppers. The times reflect a typical off peak journey to the destination, with the time period 10am to 12 noon being chosen, the first map showing access at this time on weekdays and the second access on Saturday. Again, access for employment will be considered locally.
Access generally follows the urban/rural split demonstrated by other access patterns. Whilst initial work will focus on ensuring that affordable healthy food is available across the county, access to market towns will also be considered
SecSchAM
Access to the nearest secondary school between 7.30am and 9am
SecSchPM
Access to the nearest secondary school between 4pm and 6pm
FurtherEdAM
Access to the nearest Further Education establishment between 7am and 9am.
FurtherEdPM
Access to the nearest Further Education establishment between 6pm to 8pm.
EmployAM
Access to the nearest employment opportunity between 7am and 9am.
EmployEarlyAM
Access to the nearest employment opportunity between 4am and 6am.
EmployPM
Access to the nearest employment opportunity between 8pm and 10pm.
HospitalAM
Access to the nearest hospital between 9am to 11am.
HospitalPM
Access to the nearest hospital between 5pm and 7pm.
HospitalSat
Access to the nearest hospital between 2pm and 4pm on Saturday.
GPsAM
Access to the nearest GP surgery between 8am and 9am .
GPsPM
Access to the nearest GP surgery between 3pm and 4pm .
RetailAM
Access to the nearest retail centre between 10am to 12 noon.
RetailSat
Access to the nearest retail centre between 10am to 12 noon on Saturday.
District
No. of 10-15 year olds
No. of 10-15 year olds in 0 car Hhld
% of 10-15 in 0 car Hhld
% 10-15 year olds within 20 mins of sec school
% of 10-15 year olds in 0 car Hhld within 20 mins of sec school
% 10-15 year olds within 40 mins of sec school
% of 10-15 year olds in 0 car Hhld within 40 mins of sec school
Burnley
8348
2791
33
69
80
100
100
Chorley
8041
1513
19
52
69
98
99
Fylde
5309
945
18
44
52
95
98
Hyndburn
6968
2067
30
82
87
99
100
Lancaster
9946
2752
28
73
84
96
99
Preston
10656
3113
29
87
90
98
100
Ribble Valley
4441
585
13
52
73
80
90
Rossendale
5846
1408
24
59
59
90
93
South Ribble
8766
1468
17
76
83
97
99
Pendle
8104
2450
30
85
92
97
99
West Lancashire
8929
1937
22
54
60
90
94
Wyre
8251
1778
22
61
63
94
98
Lancashire
93605
22807
24
68
78
95
98
Table 1:- Number of 10-15 year olds within a given journey time of a secondary school. Comparison is made between car and non-car owning households. Non-car ownership is being used as an alternative to free school meal eligibility and further analysis will be undertaken when pupil data for Lancashire becomes available.
District
No.of 16-64 year olds
No. of unemployed
No. of JSA claimants
% of people 16-64 claiming JSA within 20 minutes of work
% of people 16-64 claiming JSA within 40 minutes of work
Burnley
60249
1972
1062
89
99
Chorley
71058
1928
855
65
94
Fylde
46705
1035
413
69
95
Hyndburn
54533
1813
965
73
99
Lancaster
93881
3486
1927
90
98
Preston
91441
3213
2148
86
99
Ribble Valley
36538
641
221
50
83
Rossendale
44700
1324
623
38
80
South Ribble
71651
1683
665
63
97
Pendle
60021
2221
1129
84
98
West Lancashire
75004
2551
1679
72
84
Wyre
67472
1910
771
67
96
Lancashire
773253
23777
12458
76
95
Table 2:- Number of 16-64 year olds within a given journey time of a major employment centre.
District
No. of Hhld
0 car owning Hhld
% 0 car owning Hhld
% of Hhld within 15 minutes of a GP
% of 0 car Hhld within 15 minutes of a GP
% of Hhld within 30 minutes of a GP
% of 0 car Hhld within 30 minutes of a GP
Burnley
36812
12548
34
87
94
98
99
Chorley
41068
8064
20
61
73
86
88
Fylde
32383
6521
20
72
82
95
98
Hyndburn
32918
10024
30
91
96
98
99
Lancaster
55851
15711
28
82
91
94
98
Preston
52933
16646
31
88
98
97
100
Ribble Valley
22227
3236
15
63
80
77
89
Rossendale
27120
6898
25
63
72
90
94
South Ribble
42742
7660
18
80
88
97
98
Pendle
35968
10643
30
81
89
96
99
West Lancashire
43553
9356
21
68
84
84
92
Wyre
45297
10214
23
73
83
92
97
Lancashire
468872
117521
25
77
88
93
97
Table 3:- Number of residents within a given journey time of a GP. Comparison is made between car and non-car owning households.
District
No. of 16-19 year olds
% of 16-19 year olds within 30 mins of FE
% of 16-19 year olds within 60 mins of FE
Burnley
4637
83
98
Chorley
4737
58
94
Fylde
2965
0
69
Hyndburn
3943
75
99
Lancaster
8720
35
94
Preston
7811
84
98
Ribble Valley
2508
6
76
Rossendale
3156
13
78
South Ribble
4943
34
98
Pendle
4787
70
97
West Lancashire
5662
43
82
Wyre
5009
27
84
Lancashire
58878
49
91
Table 4:- Number of 16-19 year olds within a given journey time of a Further Education provider. Further analysis will be carried out when learner records become available.
IMD 2004 Domain Indices
Cumulative %
District
Burnley
Chorley
Fylde
Hyndburn
Lancaster
Pendle
Preston
Ribble Valley
Rossendale
South Ribble
West Lancashire
Wyre
Table 5:- Cumulative Percentages for IMD in Lancashire 2004
To bear down on social exclusion problems, we will look to identify those areas where deprivation is at its greatest. Those areas of Lancashire with at least one SOA in the worst 1% in England are shown below. The two identified SOAs are in Harbour ward (Lancaster), ranked 296 and Ribbleton (Preston) ranked 318 out of 32,482 in England.
PrestonIMD
LancMoreIMD
By analysing each of the seven domains separately, we can see which type of deprivation affects the population of Lancashire.
up to 5
up to 10
up to 20
up to 30
up to 40
up to 50
up to 100
Income Deprivation Domain
This domain shows the proportion of an area's population that are experiencing income deprivation and contains five indicators, including the number of adults and children in households claiming Income Support and Income Based Job Seekers Allowance and number of National Asylum Support Service (NASS) supported asylum seekers in England in receipt of subsistence only and accommodation support.
IncomeRank
An SOA in Tanhouse, West Lancashire is ranked 202 of 32482 in England for this domain, which puts it into the top 1% of most income deprived SOAs in England. Other SOAs in Lancashire at this level are in Skerton, (Lancaster), Ribbleton (Preston) and Digmoor (West Lancashire). In each of these SOAs, more than 50% of that population are living in households that are considered to be income deprived.
Preston Income Deprivation
Skelmersdale Income Deprivation <
LancMore Income Deprivation
Other identified income deprived areas ( Q1) can be seen above. They include SOAs in Daneshouse with Stoneyholme (Burnley), Central and Spring Hill (Hyndburn), Southfield and Whitefield (Pendle), Clayton-le-Woods North and Chorley East (Chorley), Irwell and Worsley (Rossendale), Kingsfold and Golden Hill (South Ribble) and Mount (Wyre).Looking in isolation at both the sub domain of Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) and that of Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI), it is possible to identify the areas where actions should be concentrated to aid each of these disadvantaged groups.
Income deprivation affecting children (IDAC)
This is defined as the percentage of an SOA's children under 16 who live in families that are in receipt of Income Support and Job Seeker's Allowance or in families in receipt of Working Families Tax Credit / Disabled Person's Tax Credit, whose income is below 60% of national median income, before housing costs.
Idaci rank
Children in families receiving benefits are disadvantaged two ways with respect to accessibility. First, young children are dependent upon parents and family to transport them around. Second, as members of income deprived families that are not as able to afford a car, they may struggle with bus or train fares to access services. Higher levels of income deprivation in children are visible throughout the county in both the traditional 'hotspots' of deprivation and in other areas such as Scorton, St Michaels-on-Wyre, Kirkham and Appley Bridge.
To challenge accessibility problems for these children affected by poverty, we need to help the adults, as it is they who provide either the transport for the children or the financial resources for public transport. Transport barriers are particularly significant to people in deprived areas. Parents from lower socio-economic groups are more likely to cite reasons associated with transport convenience and transport costs as important in their school choice decisions.
Income deprivation affecting older people (IDAOP)
This is defined as the percentage of an SOA's population aged 60 and over who are Job Seeker's Allowance (income based) claimants aged 60 and over and their partners (if also aged 60 or over).
IDAOPI rank
All over 60s in Lancashire are now eligible for a NoWcard which gives them concessionary travel throughout Lancashire. NoWcards can also be used on all Community Transport.
Transport choices are greater for this group of people who live in urban areas with good PT provision. It is those in more rural areas as identified by this indicator who do not have access to conventional transport whom we need to concentrate on in our accessibility studies.
Some examples of these areas are in parts of Haslingden, Rawtenstall and outlying areas of Skelmersdale where some SOAs have more than 25% of older people receiving this benefit.
Employment deprivation domain
This domain measures employment deprivation as 'involuntary exclusion of the working age population from the world of work' and contains six indicators, including the unemployment claimant count of women aged 18-59 and men aged 18-64, Incapacity Benefit claimants women aged 18-59 and men aged 18-64 and participants in New Deal for Lone Parents aged 18 and over.
Employment Deprivation
As with the income score, the employment deprivation score shows the percentage of the SOA's population considered to be employment deprived. High levels of employment deprivation can exist for many reasons. Poor education, inability to find affordable childcare and insufficient training in the skills required for employment are just a few examples.
The areas with the worst employment deprivation are shown below.
Preston Employment Deprivation
Preston Employment Deprivation
By identifying the problems areas, and looking at accessibility to schools, colleges, and childcare for these people, we can discover if accessibility to these services is a contributory reason to the high levels of unemployment.
Health deprivation and disability domain
This domain identifies areas with relatively high numbers of people who die prematurely, whose quality of life is impaired by poor health or who are disabled. It contains four indicators, including years of potential life lost and measures of emergency admissions to hospital.
Health Dep and Disability
Individuals in low-income households are more likely to report poor health, or having a child with a health problem, that restricts their ability to work. Poor health lowers people's ability to get and retain jobs.
It can be seen from the figure that the areas with the highest proportion of health deprivation and disability are mainly in Lancashire's urban areas with much of Hyndburn, Rossendale and Burnley in Quintile 2. Also in this quintile are areas such as Freckleton, Carnforth, Coppull, Burscough and Thornton-Cleveleys. These more rural areas may have higher levels of health deprivation because of their greater proportion of older people who require more hospital care.
Burnley Health Deprivation
Accrington Health Deprivation
Preston Health Deprivation
Education, Skills and Training
This domain captures the extent of deprivation in education, skills and training in a local area and is split into two sub domains - one relating to a lack of attainment among children and young people and the other to lack of qualifications in terms of skills.
EducationRank
The sub domain focusing on skills contains one indicator, which is the proportion of working age adults in the area with no or low qualifications. This sub domain is the most useful in terms of plotting problems with accessibility. As with the employment deprivation indices, there may be problems with accessing learning opportunities.
The areas with the worst education deprivation are shown below. Both Burnley and Preston have 1 SOA in the worst 1%. They are in Ribbleton ward (Preston) and Trinity ward (Burnley), ranked 83 and 297 out of 32482 in England.
Burnley Education Deprivation
Preston Education Deprivation
Car Ownership Levels in Lancashire
District
Burnley
Chorley
Fylde
Hyndburn
Lancaster
Pendle
Preston
Ribble Valley
Rossendale
South Ribble
West Lancashire
Wyre
Source: Census 2001
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